Center for Global Work and Employment Events

The paper deals with the regulatory gaps that resulted in devastating and scandalizing wages and working conditions in the German meat industry for more than two decades.

We study the role of union heterogeneity in shaping wages and inequality among unionized workers. Using linked employer-employee data from Brazil and job moves across multi-firm unions, we estimate over 4,800 union-specific pay premia. Unions explain 3–4% of earnings variation. While unions raise wages on average, the standard deviation in union effects is large (6-7%). Validating our approach, wages fall in markets with higher vs. lower union premia following a nationwide right-to-work law. Linking premia to detailed data on union attributes, we find that unions with strike activity, collective bargaining agreements, internal competition, and skilled leaders secure higher wages. High-premium unions compress wage gaps by education while the average union exacerbates them. Post right-to-work, however, worker support for high-premium unions falls when between-group bargaining differentials are large. Our findings show that unions are not a monolith—their structure and actions shape their wage effects and, consequently, worker support.

While it is well-known that spillovers occur between workplaces and civic society, examinations are largely limited to employee voice effects on distal acts like voting. Spillovers between broader employment experiences and socio-politically extreme belief formation are less developed.  We theorize that positive employment experiences reduce individual-level socio-politically extreme beliefs through control loss mitigation, anxiety reductions, and exposure to new perspectives. We also propose heterogeneous job empowerment effects.